Women’s Status Changed in Americafrom the 19th century to the 20th century
The upper-class women in America gained the status of woman from the 19th century to the 20th century, but the middle-class, and lower-class woman who had job of house works caught up with “Woman’s liberation”. There were several women who fought the government, society, and themselves for over 200 years. The women broke through the traditional nation which was controlled by men as women were subordinated to men. This paper will divide these parts in 19th century to the 20th century, into three periods; 1860 to 1910 is “Coming of City Industry Society”, 1920 to 1950 is “American century”, and 1960 to evening of the 20th century is “Changing worth of American”. We will follow the women’s status change in America in the several periods. Age of Coming of City Industry Society, upper-class’s ladies and middle and lower class’s ladies have the most radical difference. Age of American century, the ladies had equality. Age of changing worth of American, the lady’s worth was changed.
The 1860 to the 1910, society of industrial city was came. The civilized vehicle which connects big city to big city and the foundation of service by big company were formed. The American population became three times larger, five times the factory worker, twelve times the amount of factory production money, and twenty-two times the amount of factory investment money. In the 1890, the amount of factory production money had got ahead the amount of agriculture production money. The developed industry urged people live in the city, so new big city was produced in the central west side, and west side. In the 1903 to the 1924, 500 thousand immigrate came to America every year from northwest Europe, east Europe, and south Europe.
After the civil war, the American women’s living was changed with rapidly changing American society. But the women were separated the polarization of the people into the rich and the poor in the same age. The rich women tend to go to the college, and the women were registered 40 thousand in the 1880. Also, those women in half did not hope marry, and worked at office in the big city involved factory, school, and hospital which had been traditional. Those women advanced the movement of woman suffrage. In the 1890, “NAWASA” was organized by Elizabeth Stanton, and in the end of 19th century, the woman suffrage was established in Wyoming and Colorado. The movement was accepted men gradually because the movement became moderate by women reader’s alternation of generation; Alice Purl and Carrie Chapman cat. In the 1910, the woman suffrage movement was realized with the other movement of African American. In the same age, Women’s club and Christian temperate union of women had a couple of million members, although the woman suffrage movement had 10 thousand members.
Actually even over the middle-class women, the majority lives in house as a house wife. In the 19 century, the Victorianism, which is refined tradition of United Kingdom, controlled American women more than United Kingdom. The women were demanded from the men to be true woman who reverences God, be purity, be docility, and has affection for family. American women believed that the woman marry to man happily, protect her family, and educate their children with settled feeling. The end of 19 century, the waterworks, the electricity, and sewing machine were popularized, and they could get grocery and clothing easily. Though the higher educational girls were familiarized, the women had looked consumer of the wealth and culture which were produced by man. Some women noised “What is the true woman” in woman’s magazine; “Ladies Home Journal”, others write novels which is the house wife’s distress. The famous novels, The Yellow Wall Paper which was written about pain by confined attic, and The Awaking which was written about awakening of sex at the first time in the history, are the symbol of the age’s house wife.
The 1920 to the 1950 was American century. In the 1914, the world war was happen, and a large amount of people dead. After WWⅠ, the democratic nation which American expected was not born, and many American was disappointed. But America became the center of the world, so the home market had flourished in the high economic growth rate. In brief, the mass consumption society was coming. The people bought anything more than necessaries, and the society that people enjoy leisure came into existing for the first time in history. One-fifth American had own car, also the washing machine and the vacuum cleaner were popularized. The big department store and the super market were opened in the big city, and people tended to buy the fashionable clothes, the watch, and the heat-resistant dishes. People came to use the restaurant and hair salon. Because of the advertisement, people were stimulated to buy something in the 1920’s. The new media, which is the radio, the firm, and the telephone, had cultivated form of culture.
At last, the women gained the woman suffrage in the 1920. After that, most women worked house keep and something job individual with hope of complacence. On the other hand, the feminist kept on the social movement which is sexual equality, welfare for worker, immigrant, and children, and peace. These working women conflicted with men of nation to be protected. Also, these women were separated the protect group which insisted special protect for the working women, and the equal group which insisted sexual equality and opposed to special protect connect to woman’s discrimination. Also, the new women, who were liberated conventional woman image, were focused. The women who succeeded in the business world, worked as a lawyer, doctor, actress, and “flapper” were appeared. Flappers smoked cigarette, drunken alcohol, enjoyed dancing, and enjoyed chatting with men. At first, flapper had looked independent women who emancipated old moral, but actually the women had sought partner by using loud dress and showy making up which emphasized sexual appeal. Actually the career women were only fraction, so the most working women worked for help their living.
The most middle-class’s women devoted house keeping and child care. After World WarⅡ, America became prosperity year, a difference in wages became smaller, and the suburb was developed rapidly. The working-class tended to live in suburb too. The family of living in suburb was tool of capitalism versus the Soviet Union in Cold War. The birth rate went up rapidly under the stable nation. In the 1945 to the end of 1950’s, 500 million babies were born. The baby boom meant family religion, and the traditional woman, who kept own family as a house wife and mother, were wanted. The women polished inside of the house until it shone, made delicious meal for family, took a child to and from the something lesson or meeting of boy-scout, and welcomed her husband to their home with smile. These images of family became popular by the television.
In the 1960 to the end of 20th century, the worth of American was changed. After Cold War, American nation gained the initiative to control international situation. In the 1960’s, American culture had the core, which made by high science and skills, and controlled another country economically and military. The national interest as a center of the world was essential of the development of the world. Not only the government’s policy, but also the citizen’s productivity was improved by the technical innovation, the reasonable energy, information science, developed computer and plane, the money for Research and Development, and money for education. Attend to the developed supply, the demand was increased. The middle-class’s people were gained, so they bought their house in suburb, and several necessaries.
In the 1963, The Feminine Mystique was published by Betty Friedan which was written for middle-class’s women. Finally the feminist’s thinking went middle-class’s woman. No, the feminism became not only the upper-class but also middle-class’s movement. The book said that the educated women should be independent women and bright with unique possible as a woman over the traditional image. The middle-class’s women, who educated with men and live in the suburb, felt be caught in the house. While, the working women, who were increased after World War Ⅱ, felt difference in wages of gender. The book represented these women’s mind and gave influential thought. After 40 years, now, the middle-class’s most women tended to fulfill the self esteem outside. Also, the lower-class’s women and immigrate women keep on working for their family with low wage.
For 200 years, the woman’s status was big changed. In the 1950, few women of upper-class started to gain woman suffrage, but now most women works outside with laugh. Several opposed worth came to mixing and average. The worth were attracted from all of the world, and idealized in the individual imagination. American women casted off the traditional heavy cloth, and they changed the modern light cloth. Also, “The Man” in the Declaration of Independence came to indicate all of the people involved women which replaced the only white men. American women live with individuality and self esteem. (1509 words)
Sasaki, Takashi. “America Bunnkashi3” Tokyo University publisher. 2006.
Ariga, Natsuki, Notozi, Masako. “America Bunnkashi4” Tokyo University publisher. 2006.
Furuya, Shun. “America Bunnkashi5” Tokyo University publisher. 2006.
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